Deployment handle for a prosthesis delivery device

ABSTRACT

A handle assembly for a delivery device the sequential release of trigger wires from a prosthesis to release the prosthesis from the delivery device. The handle assembly has two handles, one of which is a rotating handle. The rotating handle has a first and second trigger wire release mechanisms which operate to sequentially release a first and second trigger wire, respectively, and a locking mechanism. The other handle has a locking mechanism that prevents that operation of the second trigger wire release mechanism until the first trigger wire has been released.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 61/940,480 filed Feb. 16, 2014, and U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/940,738 filed Feb. 17, 2014, whichare incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a deployment handle for a deliverydevice for a prosthesis such as a stent graft, and to a delivery deviceincluding such a handle.

2. Background

The use of delivery devices or introducers employing catheters has longbeen known for a variety of medical procedures, including procedures forestablishing, re-establishing or maintaining passages, cavities orlumens in vessels, organs or ducts in human and veterinary patients,occlusion of such vessels, delivering medical treatments, and otherinterventions. For these procedures, it has also long been known todeliver an implantable medical device by means of a catheter, oftenintraluminally. For example, a stent, stent-graft, vena cava filter orocclusion device may be delivered intraluminally from the femoral arteryfor deployment.

For procedures in which a prosthesis or other medical device isimplanted into a patient, the device to be implanted is normally held ona carrier catheter or cannula of the introducer in a compressed stateand then released from the carrier catheter so as to expand to itsnormal operating state, prior to withdrawal of the catheter from thepatient to leave the implant in position. In many devices, the steps tocarry out the implantation my occur, for example, first by retracting aretractable sheath to expand or partially expand the device, and thenperforming further steps to, for example, release one or both ends ofthe device, deploy an anchoring stent, or the like. In most cases, it isdesirable that such steps follow a specific order as instructed by themanufacturer of the device, but the user of the device is often notrestricted from performing steps out of order, and often may do so.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present invention relates to a deployment handle assembly for adelivery device for a prosthesis such as a stent graft, and to adelivery device including such a handle assembly. The handle assemblyincludes first and second handles. The second handle is rotatable andfacilitates sequential release of trigger wires from the proximal anddistal ends of a prosthesis from the delivery device. Advantages of thenovel handle assembly include simplification of deployment, decreasedtrigger wire release force, decreased sheath pullback force, ensuringthe complete performance of one step prior to the performance of thenext, effective “bailout” if the system fails allowing the process tostill be successfully completed, among others.

In one example, a handle assembly for a prosthesis delivery devicecomprising a distal end and a proximal end includes a first handlecomprising a first locking mechanism and a rotatable handle. Therotatable handle has a second locking mechanism preventing movement ofthe rotatable handle, a first trigger wire release mechanism attached toat least one trigger wire, wherein the at least one first trigger wireextends from the first trigger wire release mechanism, and a secondtrigger wire release mechanism attached to at least one trigger wire,wherein the at least one second trigger wire extends from the secondtrigger wire release mechanism. The unlocking of the second lockingmechanism permits a first rotation of the rotatable handle and therelease the at least one first trigger wire, and the unlocking of thefirst locking mechanism permits a second rotation of the rotatablehandle and the release of the at least one second trigger wire. Thesecond locking mechanism cannot be unlocked until the first lockingmechanism is unlocked and the at least one first trigger wire isreleased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary stent graft for use with the delivery deviceof the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of an exemplary delivery device.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the handle assembly of the delivery device ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of the delivery device of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a partial exploded side view of the handle assembly of thedelivery device of FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is a partial side view of the inner structure of the first handleof the handle assembly.

FIG. 7 is a partial exploded side view of the first handle of the handleassembly.

FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of the inner structure of a firsthandle of the handle assembly.

FIG. 9 is a partial top view of the handle assembly and the interiorstructure of the second handle of the handle assembly.

FIG. 10 is a partial side view of the handle assembly and the interiorstructure of the second handle of the handle assembly.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 shows a partial perspective view of the interior of the secondhandle.

FIG. 13 shows a partial perspective view of the handle assembly.

FIG. 14 shows a partial perspective view of the handle assembly.

FIG. 15 is a partial view of the inner cannula and trigger wire assemblyof the handle assembly.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the safety rod.

FIG. 17 is another perspective view of the safety rod and the firstsafety knob.

FIG. 18A is a side view of the threaded pin of the first safety knob.

FIG. 18B is a bottom view of the threaded pin of the first safety knob.

FIG. 19A is a side view of the threaded pin of the first safety knobengaging the safety rod in a first position.

FIG. 19B is a bottom view of the threaded pin of the first safety knobengaging the safety rod in a first position.

FIG. 20A is a side view of the threaded pin of the first safety knobengaging the safety rod in a second position.

FIG. 20B is a bottom view of the threaded pin of the first safety knobengaging the safety rod in a second position.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the proximal end and end cap of thedelivery device.

FIG. 22 is a side view of the interior of a proximal portion of thesecond handle of the handle assembly.

FIGS. 23A and 23B are side views of a tapered distal end portion of apositioner of the delivery device.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a stent-graft disposed at thestent-graft retention region of a delivery device.

FIG. 25 is an enlarged perspective view of the attachment region for thedistal end of the stent graft of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of the interior structure of the handleassembly.

FIG. 27 is another schematic view of the interior structure of thehandle assembly.

FIG. 28 shows the operation of a deployment step of the second handle ofthe handle assembly.

FIG. 29 shows another operation of a deployment step of the secondhandle.

FIG. 30 shows another operation of a deployment step of the secondhandle.

FIG. 31 is an enlarged view of a portion of the nose cone dilator shownin FIG. 4.

FIG. 32 is a flowchart of the steps for deployment.

FIGS. 33A-F demonstrate the steps of FIG. 32.

FIGS. 34A-F demonstrate the steps of an emergency “bailout” procedure.

FIGS. 35 and 36 illustrate further details of the safety lock knob of atleast FIGS. 18A-20B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In this description, when referring to an introducer or delivery device,the term “distal” is used to refer to an end of a component which in useis furthest from the surgeon during the medical procedure, includingwithin a patient. The term “proximal” is used to refer to an end of acomponent closest to the surgeon and in practice in or adjacent anexternal manipulation part of the deployment or treatment apparatus.

On the other hand, when referring to an implantable medical device suchas a stent or stent-graft, the term “proximal” refers to a location thatin use is closest to the patient's heart, in the case of a vascularimplant, and the term “distal” refers to a location furthest from thepatient's heart.

For the purposes of this disclosure, the disclosure of co-pendingapplication Ser. No. 12/899,203 entitled “Deployment Handle forIntroducer” is incorporated by reference in its entirety, and inparticular FIGS. 9-19 and 24-34 and their accompanying text, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary stent-graft for which the delivery system ofthe present invention may be used. Stent-graft 10 has a proximal end 12(that end with the bare anchoring stent 16 extending therefrom), adistal end 14, and a series of stents extending the length of thestent-graft 10 and attached to the graft 22. Extending from the proximalend 12 of the stent-graft 10 is an exposed anchoring stent 16. Anchoringstent 16 is attached to the graft material by, for example, suturing thedistal apices 31 of the anchoring stent 16 to the graft material. Nextadjacent the anchoring stent 16 is sealing stent 18. Sealing stent 18may be internal or external to the graft 22. A series of body stents 20also are attached to the graft material and may be sutured to the graftmaterial or held to the graft material in other known ways. The seriesof body stents 20 may be internal or external to the graft 22, or both.As shown in FIG. 1, sealing stent 18 is internal and body stents 20 areexternal to the graft 22. As shown in FIG. 1, stent-graft 10 isbifurcated having two limbs 26, 28 extending from the tubular main body24. One of the limbs 26 may be shorter than the other limb 28, or bothmay be the same length. Anchoring stent 16 may have one or more barbs 30for attaching the stent-graft 10 to a body vessel. Barbs 30 may be at ornear the proximal apices 32 of the anchoring stent 16 and/or be locatedat some midpoint along the anchoring stent 16. Radiopaque markers 34 maybe placed on various parts of the device, including the proximal end,along one or both limbs, at the bifurcation, or other places. Limbs 26and 28 may also have a series of stents 36 along their length, either orboth internal and external. Although FIG. 1 shows a bifurcatedstent-graft, the stent-graft also may be a single tube.

The stent-graft is placed on a delivery device, usually by themanufacturer prior to sale. The stent-graft is disposed on the device ata stent-graft retention region generally at the distal end of thedelivery device. One or both ends of the stent graft may be secured tothe system by things such as sutures, trigger wires, retention caps orother capture mechanisms, and then the device is covered by a sheath orsleeve that is removed prior to implantation. As described here, theproximal end of the stent-graft (that end closest to the patient's heartin deployment) is retained onto the delivery device with one or moreproximal trigger wires as will be explained below. The one or moreproximal trigger wires run from the proximal end of the stent-graft tothe handle assembly and are engaged by a proximal trigger wire(s)release mechanism. The distal end of the stent-graft also is retainedonto the delivery device with one or more trigger wires which run fromthe distal end of the stent-graft to the handle assembly and are engagedby a distal trigger wire(s) release mechanism.

In general and described in more detail below with reference to thereference numbers and figures, the delivery device 100 includes aproximal end and a distal end. The handle assembly 101 described here islocated adjacent the proximal end of the device. An inner cannula 148(not shown in FIG. 2, but shown in FIGS. 4, 6, 22, 26 and 27) having alumen (not shown) extends from the proximal end 102 to the distal end104 of the device 100. The inner cannula 148 is attached to a taperednose cone dilator 108 at the distal end of the device. The lumen of theinner cannula 148 may accommodate one or more guide wires and/or fluidsfor flushing or otherwise. The handle assembly 101, as described indetail below includes first 120 and second handles 122. The secondhandle 122 is at the proximal end of the device and the first handle 120is distally adjacent the second handle 122. The first handle 120 isfixed relative to the delivery system and the second handle housing isrotatable relative to the delivery system and provided with innerthreads. A positioner 118 is disposed over the inner cannula 148, whichpositioner 118 extends from the first handle 120 to just proximal of thestent-graft retention region 105. For a length of the positioner 118, astiffening rod 156 (not shown in FIG. 2, but shown in FIGS. 6, and 11)is disposed over the inner cannula 148 and within the positioner 118 forstability and maneuverability.

Located approximately one third to midway along the delivery device fromthe proximal end, a housing 112 is slideably disposed over thepositioner 118. Housing 112 provides a grip 117 for a user of thedelivery system and may include a valve system. A slidable andretractable sheath 110 extends from the distal end of the housing 112 tothe nose cone dilator 108 and engages a proximal portion of the nosecone dilator 108. The delivery device may include a deployment assistdevice 129, which will be described more fully here, proximal to thehousing. The deployment assist device 129 includes an assist devicehousing 129 which has a valve such as a disk valve, and a sleeve 114.The deployment assist device 129 is disposed over the positioner 118 andis slidable along the positioner 118. In one position the sleeve mayextend into the housing through an aperture at the proximal end of thehousing and through the housing valve system. The deployment assistdevice 129 reduces friction between the valve and the positioner 118 andmakes retraction of the sheath 110 smoother and easier. The deploymentassist device 129 also makes removal of the delivery device sub-assemblyupon completion of the implantation procedure. Other features of thedelivery system and in particular the inventive handle assembly aredescribed more fully below with reference to FIGS. 2-33.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an exemplary delivery device 100 for aprosthesis with an exemplary handle assembly 101. Delivery device 100has a proximal end 102 and a distal end 104. As shown, the deliverydevice 100 includes stent graft retention region 105, distal tip 106,tapered nose cone dilator 108, sheath 110, and housing 112, housinggripping portion 117, positioner 118, first or forward handle 120,second or rearward handle 122, back end cap 124, and pin vise 127 (shownin FIG. 21). An inner cannula (not shown) extends from the proximal end102 to the distal end 104 and engages the nose cone dilator 108. Innercannula has an inner lumen (not shown) which may accommodate a guidewire in use and may be used for flushing or injection of fluids. Innercannula may be made of any flexible material, for example nitinol, andmay be either straight or have a curve imparted to a portion of it. Asshown, nose cone dilator 108 is tapered to facilitate entry into andtravel through a body vessel. Nose cone dilator 108 may includeradiopaque material or be equipped with a radiopaque marker (not shown)to facilitate visualization of the nose cone dilator 108 in use. Nosecone dilator 108 and distal tip 106 are preferably atraumatic. As shownin FIGS. 4 and 31, nose cone dilator 108 may include a longitudinalgroove 109 in the surface of the dilator 108 to accommodate fluid suchas for flushing purposes.

Sheath 110 is attached to housing 112. Sheath 110 extends for a lengthfrom the distal end 113 of the housing 112 to generally just proximal ofthe nose cone dilator 108. Housing 112 may include a gripping portion117 for a physician to grip while retracting the sheath 110 duringdeployment. Housing 112 may include a hemostatic valve (not shown)within the housing 112 in a proximal portion 115 of the housing 112. Asuitable hemostatic valve is shown and disclosed in Hruska et al., U.S.Pat. No. 7,172,580, in particular in FIG. 3 of that disclosure and theaccompanying text, which disclosure is incorporated by reference hereinin its entirety.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of the exterior of the handle assembly 101.FIG. 3 is a top view of the exterior of the handle assembly 101. Asshown, the handle assembly 101 includes first handle 120 and secondhandle 122. First handle 120 is fixed relative to the delivery system.Second handle 122 is rotatably moveable. First handle 120 has a proximalend 132, a distal end 134, a forward portion 120′, first handle housing128, grips 136, and first safety knob 130. Second handle 122 is disposedproximally of first handle 120 and is rotatably movable relative tofirst handle 120. Second handle 122 has a distal end 138, a proximal end140, second safety knob 142, end cap 124 and a cannula hub 126 which isattached to pin vise 127, preferably by adhesive or glue.

FIG. 21 shows the proximal end 102 of the delivery system including thecannula hub 126, back end cap 124, and pin vise 127. Back end cap 124may be snap fit into engagement with the proximal end 140 of secondhandle 122. End cap 124 may have indentations 125 that facilitateremoval of end cap 124 should the need arise, such as in the event of anemergency “bailout” procedure as will be described in further detailbelow with reference to FIGS. 34A-F. Pin vise 127 is attached to the endof the delivery device by a threaded fit 127′ and with adhesive. Innercannula 148 extends through the back end cap 124 to the pin vice 127.The proximal end of slider rod 202 also is shown in FIG. 21 and isthreadedly secured as shown in FIG. 22, which is a side view of theinternal structure of the proximal end 102 of the delivery device 100.Further securement and sealing to the threaded fits may be supplied bythe addition of glue.

Referring back to FIG. 2, the delivery device 100 includes a deploymentassist device 129 including assist sleeve 114 and deployment assistvalve housing 116. Deployment assist valve sleeve 114 extends distallyfrom deployment assist valve housing 116. The sleeve 114 is disposedover positioner 118 and slidably extends into housing 112 through aproximal aperture (not shown) in housing 112. The sleeve 114 is moveablebetween a first position in which the sleeve 114 is disposed outside ofthe housing 112 and a second position in which at least a portion of thesleeve 114 is disposed within the housing 112. When the sleeve 114 isdisposed within the housing 112 it passes through the hemostatic valveassembly (not shown) within housing 112 and assists in the reduction ofsheath pullback force. Without the sleeve 114, the valve assembly mayexert an inward compressive sealing force against the outer surface ofthe positioner 118 due to the seal between the valve and the positioner118. In general, as the quality of the seal improves, the frictionbetween the positioner 118 and the valve increases. The higher theinward compressive force, and hence the seal of the valve on thepositioner, the higher the frictional force, which creates greaterfrictional resistance to movement of the housing 112 to retract thesheath 110. The deployment assist sleeve 114 is disposed between thevalve and the positioner 118. The compressive force of the valve istransferred to the sleeve 114, thereby reducing the frictional forces onthe positioner 118 and making withdrawal of the sheath easier for thephysician. A suitable deployment assist device as described here isdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,419,783, which disclosure is incorporatedby reference.

As further shown in FIG. 2, first handle 120 includes a forward portion120′, first handle housing 128, first safety knob 130, proximal end 132,distal end 134, and one or more grips 136. First handle (forward handle)120 is forward or distal of second handle 122 and has one or more grips136 for gripping by the user. First handle 120, as explained in moredetail below is stationary. Second handle (rearward handle) 122 is backor proximal of the first handle 120, and has a distal end 138, aproximal end 140, a second safety knob 142, and a back end cap 124disposed at the proximal end 136 of the second handle 122. Second handle122, as further explained below, is rotatable relative to first handle120.

Positioner 118 extends through the delivery device 100 from the firsthandle 120 to just proximal of the stent-graft retention region 105.Positioner 118 may include a length of greater stiffness than the restof the positioner as discussed in more detail below. Housing 112 mayinclude a port 144 and 146 flushing tube for the infusion of otherfluids.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the delivery device 100. Delivery deviceis shown with the second handle 122 housing removed and without end cap124. As shown, delivery device 100 has a proximal end 102, a distal end104, distal tip 106, nose cone dilator 108, and sheath 110. As shown, aprosthesis, such as a stent-graft 111, is disposed on the device at astent-graft retention region 105 and covered by retractable sheath 110.The delivery device further includes housing 112. Housing has a distalend 113, from which sheath 110 extends. Sheath 110 is fixed relative tohousing 112 and is longitudinally movable with housing 112 overpositioner 118. Housing 112 has a gripping portion 117 and a proximalportion 115. Housing 112 may include a hemostatic valve assembly (notshown) within housing 112. In a preferred example, the valve assembly isdisposed in the proximal portion 115 of the housing 112 and be of thetype set forth above. Housing 112 may have a port 144 and flushing tube146 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. Deployment assist valvehousing 116 with deployment assist valve sleeve 114 are slidablydisposed relative to housing 112. As set forth above, deployment assistsleeve 114 is slidably disposed over positioner 118 and extends throughan aperture in housing 112 at the proximal end 119 of housing 112 andreduces the frictional forces between the valve in the housing 112 andthe positioner 118. As further shown in FIG. 4, handle assembly 101includes a first handle 120 and a second handle 122 (shown with housingremoved).

FIG. 5 is a partial exploded side view of the handle assembly 101 ofdelivery device 100 of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 shows the interior structure ofthe first 120 and second 122 handles. FIG. 6 is a partial view of theinner structure of first handle 120. FIG. 7 is a partial exploded viewof the interior structure of first handle 120. As shown in FIG. 5,second handle 122 has been moved proximally to expose the interiorstructure of the second handle 122. Forward portion 120′ of first handle120 has been moved distally to expose the interior structure of theforward portion 120′ of the first handle 120 and first handle housing128 has been separated to show the internal structure of the firsthandle housing 128.

As shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, the first handle housing 128 may compriseupper 128′, 128″ and lower parts that clam shell together. The partslock together and are held together at the proximal end with ring 219(best seen in FIG. 7). Forward portion 120′ of first handle 120 may bemade of a more flexible material, such as rubber, and includes grips136.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 12-15, inner cannula 148 extends through thedelivery device 100 from the proximal end 102 to the nose cone dilator108 (see FIG. 14). As shown in FIG. 14, disposed over inner cannula 148is sealing rod 150 which may have an O-ring 152 at its proximal end.Sealing rod 150 has flared portion 154 at its distal end. Sealing rod150 provides a conduit for trigger wires 151 as shown best in FIG. 14.Flared portion 154 is tapered and has a raised edge 160. Flared portion154 may be made of a relatively hard plastic. The trigger wires 151shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 extend from their respective trigger wirerelease mechanisms in the second handle 122, through the first handle120 and into the sealing rod 150. Trigger wires 151 are held to cannula148 by sealing ring 153 as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. The sealing ringprovides a very tight seal with the cannula 148. The sealing ring 153also may have apertures in the sealing ring 153 through which thetrigger wires 151 can pass as shown in FIG. 15. The sealing ring 153preferably is a silicone disk. The sealing rod 150 and sealing ring 153are disposed within first handle housing 128 (and hence within theslider rod 202) through aperture 205 (shown in FIG. 7). In thisposition, the O-ring 152 creates a seal between the sealing rod 150 andthe slider rod 202. The proximal end 207 of the flared portion 154 ofsealing rod 150 is disposed in the threaded portion 166 of the housing128 as shown in FIG. 13. With the O-ring 152 and the sealing ring 153 inthe lumen of the slider rod 202, the sealing ring 153 and the O-ring 152cooperate to maintain hemostasis.

As shown in FIG. 6, disposed over the inner cannula 148 and at leastpartially within the lumen of sealing rod 150, and attached to sealingrod 150, is stiffener 156. Stiffener 156 may be attached to sealing rod150 by being glued thereto. The stiffener 156 may be a stainless steelcannula which provides stiffening to the proximal end of the deliverydevice 100 for maneuverability and to prevent kinking in that region ofthe delivery device 100. Stiffener 156 extends beyond the distal end 157of sealing rod 148 and into the lumen of positioner 118. Stiffener 156may be between 20 cm and 40 cm long and preferably about 30 cm long. Assuch, the stiffener 156 extends from within the lumen of the sealing rod150 and distally toward the distal end of the device 100 for about 30cm.

As shown in FIG. 6, positioner 118 is disposed over stiffener 156 andextends through the delivery device to proximal the stent-graftretention region 105. As shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B, the distal end 121of positioner 118 is tapered toward the outer diameter of the innercannula 148. Inner cannula may have a polymer tubing over inner cannula148. As shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B, positioner 118 may have an aperture125 from which the distal trigger wire 252 or wires exits to engage thedistal end of a prosthesis. A second aperture (not shown) may beprovided for the wire to re-enter the positioner. At or about the pointwhere the positioner 118 begins its taper, there is an area of increaseddiameter or a safety bump 123. After the implantation procedure has beencompleted, the physician may determine to leave the sheath in the bodyto use the lumen of the sheath as a conduit for other procedures. Hence,the physician may remove the delivery system sub-assembly including thehandle assembly 101 and attached positioner 118 and nose cone dilator108 by retracting them as a unit from within the sheath. The safety bump123 at the end of the positioner 118, as it travels through the housing112, engages the sleeve 114 and/or the deployment assist valve housing116 of the deployment assist device 119 to ensure that the deploymentassist device 119 is removed with the sub-assembly.

Positioner 118 has a flared proximal end 158 that sealingly engages withflared portion 154 of sealing rod 150. Flared proximal end 158 ofpositioner 118 is preferably of a softer material then flared portion154. The relatively hard plastic of flared portion 154 compressesagainst the softer plastic of flared proximal end 158, indenting theplastic to seal the positioner to the first handle 120. This sealprevents the positioner 118 from moving relative to the handle 120 andcreates a hemostatic seal. This is best shown in FIG. 13. As shown inFIG. 13, flared portion 154 of sealing rod 148 is sealing engaged withinthe first handle housing 128 at the threaded portion 166 of the firsthandle housing 128. When the threaded portion 166 is engaged with theinner threads of positioner cap 162, flared portion 154 of sealing rod148 is sealingly engaged within the first handle housing 128.

As shown in FIGS. 6, 13 and 14, disposed over positioner 118 ispositioner cap 162 having external threading or ridges 164 that engagewith the interior (not shown) of the forward portion 120′ of the firsthandle 120 to thereby hold the gripping portion 136 of the first handle120 in place. Positioner cap 162 further may have internal threading 164at its proximal end that engage with external threading 166 of firsthandle housing 128 to connect the positioner 118 to the first handle 120by way of the threaded connection.

Second handle is discussed and described with reference at least toFIGS. 4, 9-10, 16-20 and 29-29. As shown, extending from the proximalend 102 of second handle 122 is a slider rod 202 that connects the firsthandle 120 to the second handle 122. The slider rod 202 is generallycylindrical in shape, but may include a flat surface 203 on one of itssides and has an inner lumen through which the inner cannula 148extends. The slider rod 202 extends partially into the lumen of thefirst handle 120, to provide a small overlap within the first handle 120and the second handle 122. The slider rod 202 is fixed relative to thefirst 120 and second handles 122. The slider rod 202 includes a trough204 on its top surface 206 into which a safety lock rod 208 (shown inFIGS. 4, 16, and 17) is slidably disposed. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17,which will be discussed in further detail below, safety lock rodassembly 207, includes safety lock rod 208 which has a key hole lock 210configured to receive first safety pin 131 of first safety knob 130, andbevel 212. The key hole lock 210 is at the distal end of the safety lockrod 208 and the bevel 212 is at the proximal end of the safety lock rod208. Key hole lock 210 has a straight portion 216 and a rounded portion218.

As shown in FIG. 12, fixedly attached to slider rod 202 proximal offirst handle 120 is a locking ring 220. Locking ring 220 is configuredto receive safety pin 143 of second safety knob 142 in pin receivingaperture 222. When second safety pin 143 is disposed in receivingaperture 222, the second handle 120 is prevented from moving. Althoughthe locking ring 220 is described and shown as a ring about the sliderrod 202, other configurations are contemplated. Locking ring 202 alsohas upper and lower opposing channels into which protrusions 225 and 227from rotation lock 224 extend to keep the locking ring from rotating.

As shown in FIG. 12, adjacent to locking ring 220 is rotation lock 224.Rotation lock prevents reverse rotation of second handle 122. Rotationlock 224 includes resilient fingers or flanges 226. The fingers 226extend radially outwardly at a shallow angle in the same direction.Fingers 226 are shown fully in co-pending application Ser. No.12/899,203 FIGS. 24 through 27, which figures and accompanyingdescription is incorporated by reference herein. By providingcorresponding abutments extending radially from the inner wall of thehousing of the second handle 122, rotation of the housing of secondhandle 122 is allowed in one direction only while rotation in otherdirection is prevented. Rotation lock 224 does not itself rotate.

FIGS. 9, 10, and 11 show further features of the interior of secondhandle 122. Disposed about slider rod 202 and proximal to rotation lock224 is a proximal wire(s) release mechanism 230. In the figures, theproximal wire(s) release mechanism 230 is shown as a threaded ring 230.As shown, threaded ring 230 has external threads 232 which engagecorresponding threads (shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 as 237) on the interiorof the housing of the second handle 122. Threaded ring 230 islongitudinally slidable over slider rod 202. Threaded ring 230 does notrotatably move on slider rod 202 due to an interior flat surface thatcorresponds to the flat surface 203 of slider rod 202. The conversion ofthe rotation force of the second handle 122 to the longitudinal motionof the threaded ring 230 results in a mechanical advantage for the user.Thereby this Archimedes screw principal is used to reduce the forceexerted by the user on the system and in turn the force required toremove the trigger wires.

As best shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, threaded ring 230 has external threads232 and a recess 235 which receives the proximal end or ends of one ormore trigger wires 236 which extend from the threaded ring 230 throughthe delivery system to engage and retain the proximal end of aprosthesis retained on the delivery system. The end or ends of thetrigger wires 236 may be held together by, for example, a clamp 234 asshown, which is disposed in recess 235 and which encapsulates the endsof the proximal trigger wire(s) 236. The operation of threaded ringtrigger wire release mechanism 230 will be explained in further detailbelow in reference to FIGS. 28, 29 and 30.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, next adjacent threaded ring 230 on sliderrod 202 is safety rod ring 238 of the safety rod assembly 207 shown inFIGS. 16 and 17. The safety rod assembly is designed to prevent releaseof the stent-graft distal trigger wire(s) until the proximal triggerwire(s) have been released. Safety rod ring 238 is located at theproximal end 209 of safety lock rod 208. Key hole 210 is located at thedistal end 211 of safety lock rod 208. As shown, safety lock road 208 isbent at an angle at its proximal end 209 to provide bevel 212. The bentportion 240 engages aperture 242 in safety rod ring 238 as shown in FIG.16 at 239. The engagement is preferably a snap fit.

In a preferred arrangement, the safety lock rod 208 is stainless steelthat has been heat-treated to a Rockwell hardness of between about 50and 70 and preferably to a Rockwell hardness of between 58 and 60. Thehardness adds to the strength of the metal but increases the brittlenessallowing the rod 208 to break at the bevel 212 before it deforms in acircumstance where stress is applied to the rod. As the trough throughwhich the rod slidably travels is preferably plastic, the ability forthe rod to break prevents it from getting stuck if the handle ismisused. The bevel 212 is a designed weak spot in the event the handlesomehow misused. Hence, if the rod breaks at the bevel 212, releasing itfrom its attachment with the safety rod ring 238, the stent-graft canstill be deployed

Safety rod ring 238 is disposed about slider rod 202 with safety lockrod 208 disposed in trough 204 of slider rod 202. Key hole lock 210 hasa straight portion 216 and a round portion 218 at the distal end of thestraight portion 216. Key hole lock 210 is configured to receive firstsafety pin 131 of first safety knob 130 as shown in FIG. 17 at 241 aswill be discussed in further detail with regard to FIGS. 18A-B to 20A-Bbelow.

Referring again to FIGS. 10 and 11, adjacent the safety rod ring 238 onthe slider rod 202 is the distal trigger wire(s) release mechanism 250.As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, distal wire(s) release mechanism is a ringthat is slidably disposed over slider rod 202. The proximal end(s) ofone or more distal trigger wires 252 are held within a recess 254 in thedistal trigger wire release mechanism 250. In one example, the end orends of the one or more wires are clamped in the manner similar to theproximal trigger wire(s) as discussed above. The distal trigger wire(s)extend from the distal trigger wire release mechanism 250 to the distalend of the stent-graft. In one preferred example, as shown in FIGS. 10and 11, the distal trigger wire or wires 252 pass through a trigger wirelumen 256 in the proximal trigger wire release mechanism 230,

FIG. 18A is a side view of the first safety pin 131 of first safety knob130. The pin 131 is threaded with at least two rotations of externalthreads 133. External threads 133 engage corresponding internal threadson the housing of the first handle 120. This threading arrangementallows for full engagement with the threads of the handle 120 andfurther allows for lock and unlock stops and makes removal of the knobsdifficult. First safety pin 131 has a square or rectangular segment 135at the key hole engaging end of the pin 131.

Prior to use of the delivery device 100 and after the stent-graft isloaded on the delivery device 100, first safety pin 131 is engaged withthe straight portion 216 of the key hole lock 210. This locks the firstsafety knob 130 which prevents a physician from deploying thestent-graft distal end trigger wire(s) prior to releasing the stentgraft proximal end trigger wire(s) 236. As shown in FIGS. 19B and 20B,the square or rectangular segment 135 of pin 131 is locked into placeand prevented from turning in the straight portion 216. Straight section216 has a small safety 243 protrusion. This safety 243, shown as a bumpin the straight portion 216, also acts as a shipping safety and furtherguarantees that the safety lock rod is in the correct position. Theposition of the square or rectangular segment 135 of the pin 131 in thestraight section prevents rotation of first safety knob, hencepreventing premature deployment of the distal trigger wire(s).Furthermore, in one example and as shown in greater detail in FIGS. 35and 36, the locking mechanism consists of the safety lock knobprotruding detent 445/446 on safety lock knob 130/142 that mates withcorresponding inset feature 447/448 on the handle 120/122. The pin (suchas pin 131 shown in FIG. 26) is press fit circumferentially into thesafety lock knob square 444 and therefore, forces are transferred fromthe pin 131 to the safety lock knob 130/142. The movement of the knoband subsequently the pin is therefore restrained to an 180 degreemotion. Detent 446 begins in the inset 447, when the knob is rotated theknob and pin travel 180 degrees until detent 446 stops within inset 448.

FIGS. 26 and 27 show schematic views of the handle assembly 101. Fromleft to right, FIG. 26 shows inner cannula 148 which runs through thedevice to pin vice 127, 118 positioner, forward portion 120′ of firsthandle 120, flared proximal end 158 of positioner 118, flared portion154 with edge 160 of sealing rod 150, housing 128 of first handle 120,O-ring 152, sealing ring 153, first safety knob 130, first safety pin131, square portion of safety pin 135, second handle 122, locking ring220, rotation lock 224, proximal wire release mechanism (threaded ring)230, inner threads 237, safety rod 208, bevel 212, safety rod ring 238,distal trigger wire release mechanism 250, slider rod 202, end cap 124and pin vise 127. Similarly, from left to right, FIG. 27 shows, innercannula 148 which runs through the device to pin vice 127, 118positioner, gripping portion 120′ of first handle 120, flared proximalend 158 of positioner 118, flared portion 154 with edge 160 of sealingrod 150, housing 128 of first handle 120, sealing rod 150, O-ring 152,sealing ring 153, second handle 122, locking ring 220, rotation lock224, proximal wire release mechanism (threaded ring) 230, inner threads237, safety rod ring 238, distal trigger wire release mechanism 250,slider rod 202, end cap 124 and pin vise 127.

Referring to FIGS. 18-20 and 28-32, the operation of the delivery device100 in particular the handle assembly 101 of the delivery device will bedescribed. In this example, use of the delivery device will be describedin reference to the implantation of a stent-graft, such as the oneshowed in FIG. 1, in an aorta of a patient. After an incision is made inthe femoral artery of the patient, the nose cone dilator is insertedinto the incision and the device is advanced through the artery to thedesired location, for example the abdominal aorta for placement of thestent-graft at the site of an aneurysm.

FIG. 32 is a flow chart showing the basic steps of operation of thedelivery device. In Step 1, the sheath is withdrawn proximally (towardthe user) to partially or fully expose the prosthesis. In Step 2, thesecond handle (proximal) trigger wire safety knob is rotatedapproximately 180 degrees. In Step 3, the second handle is rotated untilit comes to a complete stop. In Step 4, the first handle (distal)trigger wire safety knob is rotated approximately 180 degrees. In Step5, the second handle is rotated again until the handle comes to acomplete stop.

FIGS. 33A-F further demonstrates these steps. FIG. 33A shows the sheathwithdrawal step. The user grasps the gripping portion 117 of housing 112and pulls housing proximally (toward the user) in the direction of thearrow shown to partially or fully withdraw the sheath (not shown) fromthe prosthesis. Partial withdrawal may be desirable if re-positioningbecomes necessary. FIG. 33B shows the housing in position once thesheath has been withdrawn.

FIG. 33C (Step 2) shows the step of releasing the proximal triggerwire(s) from the proximal end of the prosthesis. In this step, the userrotates the second handle trigger wire safety knob 142, for example inthe direction of the arrows 300, on the top of the knob 142. In thisFigure, the arrows show a clockwise rotation. The rotation of knob 142pulls the pin out of aperture 222 and releases the second handle 122 forrotation.

In FIG. 33D (Step 3), the second handle 122 is then rotated in thedirection of the arrow 302 shown on the handle 142 (in this Figure,clockwise), though other constructions may use a counterclockwiserotation. By doing this, the inner threads 237 of the second handle 122engage the outer threads 232 on the threaded ring 230 (the proximaltrigger wire release mechanism) and the rotation of the handle causesthe threaded ring to move proximally within the handle 122. Rotationcontinues until the handle 122 comes to a stop. At this point, thethreaded ring has reached the safety rod ring 238.

In Step 4 (FIG. 33E), the user then rotates the first (distal) triggerwire safety knob 130 in the direction of the arrow 304 shown (in thisFigure clockwise). This releases the pin 131 of knob 130 from the keyhole lock 210 (as described in further detail below), permitting thesafety rod to slide proximally in trough.

The user then moves on to Step 5 (FIG. 33F). In this step, the user thenrotates the second handle 142 in the direction of the arrow 302 shownuntil the handle comes to a stop. By this action the distal trigger wireor wires are withdrawn from the distal end of the prosthesis.

In each rotation of the second handle 122, the respective trigger wiresmove only a few centimeters. For example, the first rotation of thehandle that releases the proximal trigger wire or wires results in thethreaded ring 230 traveling between 20-30 mm and a corresponding triggerwire travel. In one embodiment the threaded ring 230 travels is about 26mm. The second rotation of the handle that results in the release of thedistal trigger wire or wires the threaded ring travels another 20 to 30mm for a total travel of about 50 mm to 70 mm. The distal wire or wirestravel a corresponding distance to the second distance traveled by thethreaded ring 230. In a delivery system, the shorter distance traveledby trigger wires, the less likely trigger wires are to become entangledon a device component. The wires are less likely to tangle duringremoval because they are not being withdrawn the full length of thesystem. Secondly, and importantly, rather than the proximal wiresneeding to be removed completely leaving behind distal wires, whichgreatly increases chances of the wires tangling, the proximal wires onlytravel a short length before both proximal and distal wires arewithdrawn. In addition, the trigger wires remain in the delivery deviceand do not require complete withdrawal and removal from the system.Hence, much shorter trigger wires may be used.

The operation of the delivery device, and in particular the operation ofthe handle assembly, is described in further detail below withreferences to FIGS. 18-20 and 28-30. Upon determining by fluoroscopy,MRI, 3D or other imaging techniques that the delivery device is in thedesired location, the user, with one hand on the grips 136 of the handleassembly and the other on the gripping portion 117 of housing 112,retracts the sheath 110 (proximally, i.e., toward the physician) untilat least a proximal portion of the stent-graft is exposed.Alternatively, the physician may retract the sheath from the entirestent-graft.

FIGS. 24 and 25 show exemplary attachments for the trigger wires at theproximal and distal ends of the stent-graft of FIG. 1. As shown, distaltrigger wire 400, which has exited a first aperture 402 in positioner405, engages suture 404 which is attached to a limb 408 of thestent-graft. Distal trigger wire then re-enters positioner 405 throughsecond aperture 406. FIG. 24 shows a similar attachment for the proximalend 410 of the stent-graft. As shown, trigger wires 412 exit from anaperture 414 in the delivery system, engage one or more apices 416 ofthe stent and re-enter a second aperture 418. The proximal end of thestent-graft may be held with multiple trigger wires. For example, eachapex may be engaged by a trigger wire, or every other apex may beengaged by a trigger wire. A single trigger wire may engage two or moreapices. Further, the trigger wires may exit and re-enter the deliverythrough the same aperture after engaging a portion of the stent graft.In another example, the trigger wires may engage sutures at the ends ofthe graft rather than apices.

At this point, the physician can release only the proximal end of thestent-graft. To release the proximal end of the stent-graft, the secondsafety knob 142 on the second handle is rotated in the direction of anarrow on the top of the knob (or set forth in the device's instructionsfor use) as discussed above and shown in FIG. 33. In one example, thesafety knob 142 is rotated clockwise about 180 degrees. This removes thepin 143 of the safety knob 142 from engagement with aperture 222, hencereleasing the second handle 122 for rotation. It should be noted that,at this point, because the square segment 135 of pin 131 is engaged inthe straight section 216 of key hole lock 210, the first safety knob 130of the first handle 120 cannot be rotated.

With second safety knob pin 143 rotated out of aperture 222 secondhandle 122 can rotate about the axis of the delivery device to retractand hence release the proximal trigger wires from the proximal end ofthe stent-graft. Rotation of the second handle 122, for example in aclockwise direction, engages the inner threads of the second handle 122with the external threads of the threaded ring 230 (proximal wirerelease mechanism) causing the threaded ring 230 to move in the proximaldirection in the second handle 122 as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 29(i.e., toward the physician). The handle 122 is rotated until it comesto a stop when it engages the safety rod ring 238 as shown in FIG. 29.The proximal movement of the threaded ring 230 pulls the proximaltrigger wires 236 proximally thereby releasing them from the proximalend of the stent graft, which in turn releases the proximal end of thestent graft. This step must be performed before the physician canrelease the distal trigger wire(s).

At this point, the square portion of pin 131 of first trigger wiresafety knob is disposed in the straight portion 216 of key hole lock210. As shown in FIG. 19B, because of the safety 243 in the straightportion 216, a slight further rotation may be required to pull thesafety rod back (in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 20B) tomove the safety 243 past the square portion of pin 131 such that thesquare portion of the pin is in the round portion 218 of key lock 210.As the threaded ring 230 engages the safety rod ring 238,

Only at this point can the first trigger wire safety knob 130 berotated. However, because the pin 131 is still engaged in the key holelock 210 the threaded ring 230 cannot move further until the physicianrotates the first trigger wire safety knob pin 131 out of the roundportion 218 of the key hole lock 210. Upon rotation of the first triggerwire safety knob 130, for example clockwise about 180 degrees, the pin131 is removed from engagement with the key hole lock 210.

Once the first safety knob pin 131 is removed from engagement with thekey hole lock 210, the threaded ring 230 may one more move proximallyupon rotation of the second handle 122. As the threaded ring 230 movesproximally, it in turn moves both the safety rod ring and the distaltrigger wire release mechanism proximally, in the direction of the arrowshown in FIG. 30, until a stop is reached at the back of the device. Thestop may be a separate component or may merely be the back of end cap124. This movement of the distal trigger wire release mechanism pullsthe distal trigger wire or wires proximally, thereby disengaging thewire or wires from the distal end of the stent-graft.

Turning now to FIGS. 34A-34F, the steps of an emergency “bailout”procedure are described. As set forth above, second handle 122 canrotate about the axis of the delivery device to retract and release thetrigger wires from the respective proximal and distal ends of the stentgraft during deployment. However, in the event that any portion of thedelivery device fails or the system otherwise malfunctions such that thestent graft cannot completely released, the bailout procedure providesthe user the ability to manually deploy the stent graft, and morespecifically, to manually withdraw the proximal and/or distal triggerwires.

In the first steps as shown in FIGS. 34A and 34B, the user can firmlygrip handle 122 with one hand, and using a tool such as surgical forceps500 or the like, can snap out or otherwise remove indentations 125 fromthe back end cap 124. In the illustrated Figures, there are twoindentations that may be removed from end cap 124.

Next, as shown in FIG. 34C, removal of one or more of indentations 125allows the end cap 124 to become loosened such that it can be manuallyremoved and separated from the proximal end 140 of handle 122.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 34D, handle 122 can be slid proximallytowards the user and removed so that the inner components of the handleare exposed. As shown in FIG. 34D, the sliding rod 202 is now visiblewith one or more proximal and/or distal trigger wires extendingproximally (towards the user) from the device from a location proximalto locking ring 220 and rotation lock 224. The trigger wires will pullout with the removal of handle 122.

If it becomes necessary in order to properly deploy the proximal and/ordistal end of the stent graft, one or more of the proximal and/or distaltrigger wires 151 may be removed individually by hand or with tool 500as shown in FIG. 34F.

1. A handle assembly for a prosthesis delivery device, the handleassembly comprising: a first handle comprising a housing having a distalend and a proximal end, and a first handle locking mechanism; arotatable handle comprising: a housing having a distal end and aproximal end; a rotatable handle locking mechanism preventing rotationof the rotatable handle; a first trigger wire release mechanism disposedin the housing of the rotatable handle and attached to at least onefirst trigger wire, wherein the at least one first trigger wire extendsfrom the first trigger wire release mechanism to a proximal end of aprosthesis; a second trigger wire release mechanism disposed in thehousing of the rotatable handle and attached to at least one secondtrigger wire, wherein the at least one second trigger wire extends fromthe second trigger wire release mechanism to a distal end of theprosthesis; wherein unlocking of the rotatable handle locking mechanismpermits a first rotation of the rotatable handle to longitudinallyretract the at least one first trigger wire in a proximal direction andrelease the at least one first trigger wire from the proximal end of theprosthesis, wherein unlocking of the first handle locking mechanismpermits a second rotation of the rotatable handle to longitudinallyretract the at least one second trigger wire in a proximal direction andthe release the at least one second trigger wire from the distal end ofthe prosthesis, wherein the at least one second trigger wire cannot bereleased from the prosthesis until the at least one first trigger wireis released from the prosthesis and wherein the first handle lockingmechanism cannot be unlocked until the rotatable handle lockingmechanism is unlocked.
 2. The handle assembly of claim 1, wherein thefirst handle is distal of the rotatable handle.
 3. The handle assemblyof claim 1, wherein the first handle is fixed relative to the prosthesisdelivery device, and the rotatable handle is rotatable relative to thefirst handle.
 4. The handle assembly of claim 1, including a slider rodextending longitudinally at least partially through the first handle andthe rotatable handle.
 5. The handle assembly of claim 4, wherein theslider rod comprises a longitudinal trough and a safety lock assembly.6. The handle assembly of claim 5, wherein the safety lock assemblyincludes a safety lock rod slideably disposed in the trough and having adistal end, a proximal end, and a key hole lock formed in the distalend.
 7. The handle assembly of claim 6, wherein the first handle lockingmechanism, comprises first safety knob disposed exterior to the firsthandle housing and a first safety pin attached to the first safety knoband extending from the first safety knob, through the first handlehousing and into the key hole lock.
 8. The handle assembly of claim 7,wherein the key hole lock has a straight portion and a circular portion,wherein when the first safety pin is in the straight portion the firstsafety knob is prevented from turning and when the first safety pin isin the circular portion the safety knob is permitted to turn.
 9. Thehandle assembly of claim 8, wherein the first handle safety knob isprevented from turning until after the first rotation of the rotatablehandle is complete.
 10. The handle assembly of claim 1, wherein thefirst trigger wire release mechanism comprises a threaded ring havingexternal threads, and wherein a proximal end of the at least one firsttrigger wire is attached to the threaded ring.
 11. The handle assemblyof claim 10, wherein an inner surface of the housing of the rotatablehandle comprises internal threads engageable with the external threadsof the threaded ring.
 12. The handle assembly of claim 10, wherein uponthe first rotation of the rotatable handle, the threaded ring and the atleast one first trigger wire move longitudinally in the housing of therotatable handle for a first distance in the proximal direction torelease the at least one first trigger wire from the proximal end of theprosthesis.
 13. The handle assembly of claim 12, wherein the secondtrigger wire release mechanism comprises an axially moveable ringpositioned proximal of the threaded ring and wherein the proximal end ofthe at least one second trigger wire is attached to the axially moveablyring.
 14. The handle assembly of claim 13, wherein upon a secondrotation of the rotatable handle the threaded ring moves longitudinallyin the housing of the rotatable handle for a second distance in theproximal direction and causes the axially moveable ring and the at leastone second trigger wire to move longitudinally in the proximal directionand thereby release the second at least one trigger wire from the distalend of the prosthesis.
 15. A handle assembly for a prosthesis deliverydevice comprising a distal end and a proximal end: a substantiallyimmovable first handle comprising a housing having a distal end, aproximal end, and a first handle locking assembly; a rotatable handlecomprising: a housing having a distal end, a proximal end and a threadedinterior surface; a rotatable handle locking mechanism extending fromexternal of the housing to an interior of the housing to preventrotation of the rotatable handle; an axially moveable threaded ringdisposed within the housing and engaging the threaded inner surface ofthe housing, the threaded ring further having at least one first triggerwire extending distally from the threaded ring to a proximal end of aprosthesis to releasably engage the proximal end of the prosthesis; asecond axially moveable ring disposed proximal of the threaded ring andhaving at least one second trigger wire extending distally from thesecond axially moveable ring to a distal end of the prosthesis toreleasably engage the distal end of the prosthesis; wherein the firsthandle locking assembly is prevented from unlocking until after a firstrotation of the rotatable handle advances the threaded ring and the atleast one first trigger wire longitudinally in a proximal direction fora distance through the housing of the rotatable handle to release the atleast one first trigger wire from the proximal end of the prosthesis.16. The handle assembly of claim 15, wherein the first handle lockingassembly comprises a knob a knob pin extending from the knob, a safetylock rod and a slider rod at least partially longitudinally disposedthrough the housing of the first handle, wherein the slider rodcomprises a longitudinal trough formed in a surface of the slider rod,and the safety lock rod is disposed in the trough of the slider rod,wherein the knob pin extends through the housing of the first handle andreleasably engages the safety lock rod.
 17. The handle assembly of claim15, wherein the at least one second trigger wire cannot be released fromthe prosthesis until after the at least one first trigger wire isreleased from the prosthesis.
 18. The handle assembly of claim 15,wherein the first handle locking assembly cannot be unlocked until afterthe rotatable handle locking mechanism is unlocked.
 19. The handleassembly of claim 15, wherein the axially moveable threaded ring and theaxially moveable ring are not rotatable.
 20. A delivery system fordelivering a prosthesis comprising: a proximal end; a distal end; aprosthesis retention region; a prosthesis having a proximal end and adistal end disposed at the prosthesis retention region; and a handleassembly comprising: a first handle comprising a housing having a distalend and a proximal end, and a first handle locking mechanism; arotatable handle comprising: a housing having a distal end and aproximal end; a rotatable handle locking mechanism preventing movementof the rotatable handle; a first trigger wire release mechanism disposedin the housing of the rotatable handle and attached to at least onefirst trigger wire, wherein the at least one first trigger wire extendsfrom the first trigger wire release mechanism to a proximal end of theprosthesis; a second trigger wire release mechanism disposed in thehousing of the rotatable handle and attached to at least one secondtrigger wire, wherein the at least one second trigger wire extends fromthe second trigger wire release mechanism to a distal end of theprosthesis; wherein unlocking of the rotatable handle locking mechanismpermits a first rotation of the rotatable handle to longitudinallyretract the at least one first trigger wire in a proximal direction andrelease the at least one first trigger wire from the proximal end of theprosthesis, wherein unlocking of the first handle locking mechanismpermits a second rotation of the rotatable handle to longitudinallyretract the at least one second trigger wire in a proximal direction andthe release the at least one second trigger wire from the distal end ofthe prosthesis, wherein the at least one second trigger wire cannot bereleased from the prosthesis until after the at least one first triggerwire is released from the prosthesis, and wherein the first handlelocking mechanism cannot be unlocked until the rotatable handle lockingmechanism is unlocked.